A mammogram can show many cancers before they are felt. Therefore, a regular mammogram is important, even if you or your doctor do not feel anything abnormal when examining your breasts.
A mammogram is an x-ray of the breast and is performed with a specially designed machine. A registered x-ray technologist will position your breast between two plastic plates. It is important to flatten the breast to spread out the tissue to help identify any abnormal areas. Some women may find mammograms uncomfortable due to the firm pressure placed on each breast.
The standard screening examination requires a minimum of two pictures of each breast. More pictures may be needed depending on breast size or body shape. Proper positioning and improving technology allow mammography to be done with the lowest radiation exposure possible.
Make sure your mammogram is done at a facility displaying a FDA certificate of approval. This assures good quality, trained and licensed technologists, and experienced, board certified radiologists. Be sure your previous mammograms are available to the radiologist for comparison with your new study. This comparison makes possible earlier recognition of minimal changes that could signal a small cancer.
Sometimes a lump may be felt but not seen on a mammogram. Be sure to perform monthly breast self-examination in addition to an annual checkup with your physician.
Women, especially those between 40 and 49 years of age, should discuss the benefits and risks of mammogram screening with their health care providers.
Screening should occur every one to two years for women 40-49 years of age and annually for those 50-69. For those 70 and older, screening should continue as long as women maintain good health and have no other existing medical conditions.
Women who are younger than 40 may decide, in consultation with their physicians, to have regular screening mammograms if they are in one or more of the following categories:
- Have an extensive family history of breast or ovarian cancer
- Had chest wall irradiation at a young age
- Have a history of atypical ductal hyperplasia or lobular carcinoma in situ
- Carry the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation
- Are planning breast reduction surgery
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